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句型

（1)主语（The number of…)+谓（increased/decreased)+from… to…

·The number of male smokers decreased from 21% in 1960 to 17% in 2000.

·The number increased dramatically and then peaked at 400 in 1990.

·The number of marriages remained stable at this level over the next decade.

·The average income of the staff increased by 50 percent compared with last year.

·The number plummeted, reaching the bottom at 100 in 1998.

·During this 25-year period the consumption of beef and lamb fell dramatically to

approximately 100 grams and 55 grams respectively.

（2)There be 句型

·There was a downward trend of male smokers, from 21% in 1960 to 17% in 2000.

·There was a sharp increase in computer use in all categories.·There was a steadily increasing tendency of personal computers in households in the US.

·There was a minor fluctuation between 1930 and 1950 in India.

（3)主语 + accounted for+百分数＋of…

·Male smokers accounted for 21% of American adults in 1960.

·Males accounted for 10% of the whole workforce.

·Coal provided 40. 2 percent of whole in 1970.

·Students made up nearly 20% of the group.

·Food constituted over 23% of my family’s expense.

1.开头段

•       Show/present information about  （动/静） 

•       Show/illustrate the changes in ….  （动）

•       Show the differences between …. In…  （动/静） 

•       Compare ….. in terms of ….. (动/静)

动态图(1-2个对象组)

要体现的文字信息：

•       1 最高值 (highest, main, major, the most) 

•       2相同趋势的归纳 (similar, the same, likewise, similarly, also) 

•       3 强调不同趋势 (in contrast, on the other hand, different) 

•       4 可以用形容词和副词来表示程度（譬如说slight, steady/graduate, moderate, marked, significant 等）

•       5 强调比较（larger, lower, bigger, smaller 等等）

•       6 读数据的修饰（by far the highest, up to, close to, nearly, over, a peak of）

•       7 倍数（doubled, increased three-fold, quadrupled）

•        

静态图(2个对象组)

要体现的文字信息：

•       1 最高值   

•       2  数字的比较（往往有比较级higher, lower, larger, smaller）

•       3 相同特征数字的归纳  (similar to, at a similar level)

•       4 不同特征数字的归纳

流程图：

表述时间：

in 10 days

during the period of 10 days

The process lasts for up to 10 days

after 10 days

10 days passed until something happened.

表示然后：then, next, in the next state, following that, after that, the next step in the stage is ….

表示过程：process, procedure, formation, development

表示步骤：step, stage, phase

时间阶段：after a period of …months/days/minutes, during…

顺序连词：first, first of all, in the first stage, initially, to begin with

second, then, next, also

after that, at the same time, in the meantime, meanwhile

prior to, until

the first stage involves … / in the second stage / in the third stage /

in the last stage / The next step in the stage is that…

目的连词：in order to / in order that; so as to / so that

常见动词：

produce生产，lay放置，accumulate积累，gather/collect收集，obtain获得，heat up加热，expand膨胀，bend弯曲，turn off关闭，cool down冷却，disconnect断开连接，spin旋转/纺，strike打击， compress压缩，release释放， expand膨胀， move/flow流动， accelerate加速， form形成， press按压， adjust调整， absorb吸收， form形成， process加工， rotate旋转， chop坎， grind磨(碎)/碾(碎)，light点燃， burn燃烧， ignite点燃， reflect反光，turn转，starts开始， stops结束，records录音， turns up调高， turns down调低，winds缠绕, unwinds解开，revolves旋转，fold折叠，unfold打开，reverse颠倒/倒转，adapt适应，adjust调整，alter改变，cure治愈，disappear消失，dissolve溶化/解散，exchange交换，expand扩张/膨胀，fade退色，increase增长，promote促进/升职, reduce减少，renew使更新/使恢复，renovate革新/更新/修复，replace取代，swell肿胀，switch改变，transform完全改变，vary改变，swap交换，shrink收缩，melt溶解，heal/cure治愈，form/come into being/take shape形成，produce生产，gain/get/acquire获取，evaporate蒸发，volatilize挥发，draw提取，recycle回收，extract拔，absorb吸收，collect收集，meet相遇，be made up of由…组成, be made of由…制成，be made from由…制成， feed on以…为食，depend on/rely on依赖，release/send out释放，sort分类，separate分开，conveyed运送，cut into切成，poured into倒入，heated加热，melted into融化成，flows into流入

地图：

The car park has been removed and replaced by a theatre.

The number of homes in Town A is likely to double

(is likely to= is predicted to /is estimated to/is projected to/is expected to )

It is likely that the number of homes in Town A will double.

(it is likely that = it is predicted/estimated/projected/ expected that…..)

be predicted/be expected to do…

It is obvious/notable/noticeable

It is easy to locate/to find that…

It can be seen from the graph that…  

 A 在B 的东方/西方/南方/北方

A is/ lies/ is located/ is situated in/on / to the east/west/south/north of B

(in 表A 在B 内部， ON 表A 和B接壤，TO 表A 和B 分开)

A 在B 内部的某个部位

A is in the eastern/ southern/ western/ northern part of B.

A在B 西北部的120 千米处

A lies 120 km to the northwest of B.

A 在B…..角落

A is at/in  the south-eastern corner of B ( at 表示A 在B 外部， in表A 在B 内部)

在河流或道路的南边/北边等

On the south/southern side of the river

On both sides of the road

On the other side

临近马路的地区

The area adjacent to/ near /next to/ just off the road

在道路或河流的最南端

At the southern end of the river

A 在B 的对面

A is on the opposite side of B

A is opposite B

A 在B 东部的边界上（A 在B外部）

A is on the eastern border of B

A 在B 东部边缘上 （A 在B 内部）

A is on/ along the eastern edge of B

 “变化”词汇

原有事物：

The original/previous/former garden

原有事物尺寸上变大/变小：

The size of the library has been enlarged/extended/halved/reduced by half

原有事物在数量上增多或减少：

The number of homes has increased/risen/grown/reduced /decreased/dropped/fallen/

doubled/ tripled/ quadrupled to 500.

原有事物没了：

The farms completely disappeared/were removed.

原有事物被改为：

A becomes B

A is transformed/reconstructed/redeveloped/converted/changed/turned over to/ into B

A is replaced /substituted by B = A gives way to B

图形新添事物

A newly-built road

A new car park was built/established/set up/constructed/completed and opened in the middle of B

A new IT centre has been added to the library

The year 2000 saw two additions to the land: a pond in the northern part and a vegetable garden on the opposite side.